Aircraft passing and landing lamp



Patented June 23, 1942 U NE T E D STAT Si ii NT 9 F F! C E AIRCRAFTPASSING AND LANDING LAMP Charles L. Munroe, France Field, C. Z., andJames H. Herr and Arnold D. Dircksen, Dayton, Ohio Application September26, 1940, Serial N0. 3 584468 2Claims- (Cl.240-41.35) v (Granted underthe act March 3, 1883, as

amended April 30, 1928'; 370 0. G. 757) The invention described hereinmay be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmentalpurposes, without the payment to us of any royalty thereon.

The present invention relates generally to lamps and more particularlyto a lamp incorporating with a main light, an auxiliary light such as,in an automobile headlight incorporating a parking light, or in anairplane landing light incorporating a running or passing light.

It has been a common expedient in the electric lamp art to promote lampefficiency by using a polished reflecting hood over the forward part ofthe light bulb to prevent direct rays of the The rearwardly projectingflange It forms a bearing surface for holding in place the front or openend of a parabodic reflector H. The base or rear of the hemisphericalhousing l0 has a rearwardly projecting hollow cylindrical exteni sion l8integraltherewith. Within the extension I8 is a similar integralextension IQ of the parabulb from passing out of the lamp. Such a lamp lbolic reflector, and of such a size as to telescopihas what may betermed a dead spot or zone of cally form a tight or pressed fit withinthe extensubstantially no light ahead of the reflecting sidn'lB'. Thehollow cylindrical projection I9 is hood. This zone can therefore beutilized with interiorly threaded for receiving the main light advantageby placing therein an auxiliary lamp, bulb 2|. The extension I8 of thehousing is exsince if it were not embodied here it would necesternallythreaded to receive a contact-retaining sitate a separate structure orassembly and cap 22, the said cap holding therein any suitable wouldhave to be mounted elsewhere. form of contactor (not shown) in fixedrelation Our invention contemplates the employment so as to cause a flowof electrical energy from the with such a lamp of an auxiliary lightahead of lead wires 23 .into the bulb 2|. As illustrated, a the mainlight in the blind area, and a double mounting bracket 33 is attached tothe housing or two-way reflector disposed between the two It) by rivets.lights, to thereby utilize this heretofore useless -As will be seen inthe drawing, the main bulb area for theauxiliary light without impairingthe 2| is positioned upon the longitudinal axis of the efliciency ofeither light source. lamp and also at the focal point F of the para- Afurther object of our invention is the mountbolic reflector Immediatelyahead of the ihg of bo h t e two-W y fl ct d the aiiXiilamp 2| andsymmetrical with the longitudinal y li ht source p ne s pp having meansaxis is a two-way or double concave reflector 24, within the support forrotating the reflectors and preferably of a diameter corresponding tothe a xili ry li ht outwardly and away from the diameter of the mainbulb. However, it will be m in li ht to p v ready access to the mainunderstood that the size of the reflector 24 will light for replacementthereof. vary with the distance it is spaced from the main These andothe j s W o e more pbulb, so as to extend between the lines 39 andparent as We proc ed w e description and 40 connecting the outer edge ofthe main reflecdrawing, in which like numbers refer to corret H t thfocal point F, Th inner sid 25 of SpOndiIlg p s and Whereini thereflector is preferably spherically shaped to Figure 1 is a Section Viewwith parts in eievareflect the undesirable forwardly emitting rays tionshowing a lamp incorporating our invenfrom th i b lb 2| b k t thfilament 1- tion. light source. This action results in the forma- Figure2 s a e d View in perspective, of tion of greater heat intensity at thefilament and t e Supp the ailXilialy light a d tW0- consequently greaterlight intensity of the main reflector. light source. The reflector 2%also acts as a shield In the drawing, t e p assembly is composedintercepting all the direct rays of light from the of a housingSubstantiaiiy Semi-Circular in, main source 2| which fall between thelines 39 cross-sectional conformation and having on the and 4g There ith produced a n forward outside of the l r e 0 p end, a 18I1S-S6Cil1ingof the reflector 24 which receives no direct ilmeans c p in an externalr n l2 having lumination from light 2|. It will be understood formedtherein suitable attaching means, Such that this same zone will beformed whether the as threads or the like, for ho the ring urface 25 ismade to function as a reflector or fixedly to the housing It. The ring I2 has formed merely a, hie1d The outer side 26 of the double concavereintegral therewith an inwardly projecting shoul- Patented June 25,1942 BRONZE CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS Dean Murphy, Rahway, N. J.,asslgnor, by mesne assignments, to Chadeloid Chemical Company, acorporation of West Virginia No Drawing. Application October 11, 1938,

- Serial No. 234,489

. the final coating being secured by the incorpora- 8 Claims.

This invention relates to aluminum bronze containing compositions, andparticularly to such compositions enabling decorative effects to besecured.

In the prior art, aluminum bronze compositions have been used, butbrilliancy of effect and stability of composition has not been secured.-

Among the objects of the present invention is the production of aluminumbronze containing compositions which exhibit high brilliancy.

Other objects of the invention include the production of aluminum bronzecontaining compositions of decorative character and relatively highstability.

Still further objects and advantages of the present invention willappear from the more detailed description set forth below, it beingunderstood, however, that this more detailed description is given by wayof illustration and explanation" only and not by way of limitation,since various changes therein may be made by those skilled in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

This application is a continuation in part of application Serial No.553,007, filed July 24, 1931, entitled Opalescent lacquers.

In accordance with the present invention, aluminum bronze containingcompositions are produced by the utilization of various expedients. Inthe first place, in order to secure the best brilliancy in thecomposition, the aluminum bronze is desirablyemployed in paste form inadmixture with petroleum spirits or other similar petroleum distillatesor vehicles of related hydrocarbon character. By incorporating aluminumbronze with such vehicle using proportions'to give a paste material, analuminum -bronze composition is produced having pronounced brilliancyenabling it to be desirably employed either in and of itself for variouspur- 40 'poses, or for admixture with various vehicles,

such as lacquers, cellulose ester type or resin type, etc., as moreparticularly illustrated below, and particularly to such compositionswhen pigmented.

The aluminum bronze may, however, be incorporated into variouscompositions without necessarily utilizing the bronze in paste form asindicated above, although the use of the paste form of aluminum bronzegives preferred results. 60 to the nitrocellulose lacquer composition.

Thus the aluminum bronze may besuspendedin a desirable coatingcomposition containing filmforming ingredients, such as cellulosederivatives, including nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, cellution ofvarious colors into the composition, the color preferably being added tothe coating composition containing the film-forming ingredient, prior toincorporation of the aluminum bronze therewith. Thus aluminum bronze isincorporated with a colored or dyed lacquer solution. Since the aluminumdoes not liver, and is relatively stable towards any of the organicacids and even traces of sulphurthat are sometimes present in thesevarious lacquer vehicles, no dele-' terious effects are obtained and nolivering occurs such as takes place with the copper bronzes and similarmaterials.

The coloring agents employed may be of two typeseither the soluble orthe insoluble colors, the first or soluble colors being generallyhereinafter referred to as dyes, and the second class .or insolubleLcolors being hereinafter referred to as pigments.

Of the dyes, the water-soluble aniline colors are preferred, since theyare relatively stable to light, and do not result in any substantialamount of bleeding when topcoats or overcoats are applied over thecoatings referred to. In view of the stability of the water-solubleaniline colors for the reasons discussed above, they are preferred tothe other types of aniline dyes or other dyes including the oil-solubleand spirit-soluble aniline colors, while the less stable dyes such asoil soluble and spirit soluble colors may be used, the stable watersoluble colors are far more desirable. As exemplary of the water-solubleaniline colors that are particularly desirable for use in thisconnection, the following may be mentioned Buffalo black, N'BR, cone.and No. 4523 Nigro black conc.; Azo Rubine ex. cone. and amacidbrilliant croecine 3BA conc.; orange A conc.; fast wool yellow 3 GL;Resorcine brown;

and alkali green 2 GO. 'Such water-soluble ani-- line colors may beincorporated with the usual lacquer compositions, the solvent vehiclesemployed being such as to give solution of the several ingredients. Anyof the ordinary nitrocellulose lacquers may be employed for this purposeand the desired dyes may be dissolved directly in the lacquercompositions containing the necessary solvent vehicles, or the anilinedyes may first be dissolved in various solvents, and then added Thenitrocellulose lacquer composition illustrates one type of film-formingcoating compositions that may be employed in this connection. Desirablythe lacquer compositions may contain glycol lose ether, resins, etc.,the color efiects desired in 55 ethers as one of the solvent elements inorder to maintain satisfactory solutions of the water-soluble anilinedyes, particularly the blacks, such as the nigrosines. For example,these aniline dyes may be dissolved in a vehicle containing 1 partCarbitol, 9 parts methyl alcohol, and 6 parts toluol, 2 to 2 ounces ofthe particular dye being used to one gallon of the composite solvent,and this may then be incorporated'with the desired nitrocelluloselacquer composition. The amount of dye solution added to the lacquercomposition will be determined by the depth of color desired therein.The dyed lacquer compositions prepared in this way may then beincorporated with aluminum bronze in any desired manner to give thefinal dyed lacquer aluminum composition utilizable as a coatingcomposition. Desirably the lacquer compositions will also include resinsin accordance with the best lacquer developments now recognized in theart. And when these compositions are to be employed for exteriorexposure, it is desirable to include some of the rezyls, that is thephthalic glyceride types of resins which contain fatty oils or fatty oilacids, and particularly the acids derived from drying oils, combined inthese resin molecules, The presence of the rezyls in the compositionsgives the compositions the desirable propery of satisfactory durabilityon exterior exposure.

While very desirable opalescent and colored bronze effects may beobtained by the use of water-soluble aniline dyes as stated above, whichyield compositions that do not fade or bleed, improved results areobtained by the use of insoluble pigments as the coloring medium. Of theinsoluble pigments, those which are translucent, such as the lake colorsare preferred. When opaque or substantially opaque pigments areemployed, the amount of the opaque pigment used in the compositionshould be such that the coating deposited from the composition does notgive a solid ground color, since in this way coatings having diaphanousor light-transmitting properties essential in carrying out the presentinvention, are obtained. Among the lake and other colors that areparticularly desirable in carrying out the present invention, there maybe mentioned the natural and synthetic lake colors including cochineal,madder, illustrating the natural lake colors, and any of the syntheticlakes which are usually prepared from the aniline colors deposited onaluminum hydrate or any other similar bulky translucent base, while inaddition other pigments that may be employed include Prussian blue, VanDyke brown, umber, etc. Of these, the lake colors, Prussian blue and VanDyke brown are preferable instances of the insoluble pigments employedin accordance with the present'invention. Any of these pigments may beground in a suitable vehicle, and subsequently incorporated with thefilm-forming compositions, such" as nitrocellulose lacquer.

Of the synthetic lake colors, preferably those are employed which aremade by the use of water-soluble aniline dyes, since such wafer-solubleaniline dyes are light fast, and are therefore preferred to theoil-soluble and spirit-soluble anilines. J

The effects obtained by the use of the insoluble pigments as opposed tothe dye compositions set forth above are preferred because deepereffects are obtained with the pigment-containing compositions. However,both types of compositions yield satisfactory opalescent lacquers andcolored bronze effects, the color, of course, depending on the nature ofthe dye, pigment or other y, ber.

color employed in the composition, so that bronze, copper, gold effectsmay be readily obtained with these compositions. In general, thesepigmenting materials discussed above may be classified as including thesynthetic lakes, and particularly those prepared by the use ofwatersoluble ,gnnm dyes, the translucent vegetable colors, such asmadder, translucent insect or ani-- mal pigments, such as cochineal, andinorganic pigments, such as Prussian blue and burnt umincorporating thealuminum bronze with the film-forming composition, any desirable Imethod may be employed, but it-has been found that improved results areobtained if the aluminum bronze is first dispersed in paste form in somevehicle, such as petroleum spirits, or other medium compatible with theother components that are to be employed in the composition. Thealuminum bronze in paste form is more brilliant than thedry aluminumbronze of the same flnemess. ;The aluminum bronze in dispersed form,such. as;-a paste produced in this way, may then be directlyincorporated by any desired mixing operation with-the lacquer or otherfilm-forming composition, and thorough dispersion is thus readilyobtained without the necessity of elaborate mixing or grinding thatmight otherwise be necessary. By using such aluminum paste material, thefinal coating compositions are also improved in character, since theyyield a very even laying on of the powder on the surface, and aremarkably complete coverage being secured with but a few ounces of thealuminum bronze under these circumstances, whereas without such avehicle, a much larger amount of bronze is generally required. Insecuring the opalescent finishes, relatively small amounts of aluminumbronze may be employed in the compositions and up to a certain point,increase in the amount of the aluminum bronze increases the opalescentsuch as those exhibited by the copper base I bronzes. By variation inthe relative amount of coloring matter to aluminum bronze, variation inshade of color is secured, deeper shades being obtained with morecoloring matter and less aluminum bronze, whereas more bronze and lesscolor gives lighter shades. I

The vehicle employed should also be of such v character as to avoidanysubstantial floating effect of the aluminum bronze, particularly whensprayed. In some instances, there may be a slight float when thecomposition is brushed on to, the desired surface. Many of the vehicleson the market employed for similar purposes may be utilizedin thepresent types of compositions. Almost any vehiclethat sets practicallyinstantaneously to an amalgam can be employed in accordance with thepresent invention. That is, if such vehicles remain ratherplastic oroily for a short time, floating will result. In general, the compositionshould be such that thereis a rapid expulsion of the solvents in orderto get proper set, and under such circumstances no floating effect willresult. When-resin solutions

